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APA 7th Referencing

Instructions and links for Referencing support

Audio-Visual Media

Clip art

In-text citation

(Lucky Business, n.d.) OR Lucky Business (n.d.) stated that...

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title [Clip art OR Stock image]. Site name. URL

Lucky Business. (n.d.). Close up view of student taking notes during lecture [Stock image]. Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/close-view-student-taking-notes-during-309289910


Images from website

In-text citation

Macquarie University Library, n.d. OR Macquarie University Library (n.d.) shows that...

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title. [Image description]. Site name. URL

Macquarie University Library. (n.d.). [Photograph of baby koala in tree]. https://www.mq_library.edu.au/news/article/2020/01/new-umbrella%E2%80%99-species-would-massively-improve-conservation


Infographic

In-text citation

(Ivett, 2017) OR Ivett (2017) showed that ....

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title. [Infographic]. Site name. URL

Swartz, W. (2019). Descriptive psychology and the person concept: Essential attributes of persons and behavior. [Infographic]. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00372-5


Instagram photo

In-text citation

(Macquarie University Library, 2019) OR Macquarie University Library (2019) showed that ....

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. [Instagram name]. (Year, Month Day). Title or content up to first 20 words [Photograph(s)]. Instagram. URL

Macquarie University Library [mq_library].(2019, October 21). St Lucia is looking extra gramable this morning. Happy Monday everyone! [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B32v1CUFTQ3/

 

Note:

  • Short form web addresses can also be used

Photographs

In-text citation

(Watson, n.d.) OR Watson (n.d.) demonstrates that ....

 

Reference list

Creator Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title. [Photograph]. Site name. URL

 

Includes title 

Waton, C. (n.d.). Red-capped robin [Photograph]. Australian Geographic. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2019/09/a-guide-to-australias-most-colourful-robins/

 

No title

Gilligan, J. (n.d.). [Photograph of Australian cassowary sleeping]. Australian Geographic. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2019/10/jungle-royalty-the-enigmatic-cassowary/

 

Note:

  • If there is no title, include a brief description in square brackets [ ] where the title goes. Do not italicise.

Film or Movie

In-text citation

(Wilder, 1959) OR Wilder (1959) found that ...

 

Reference list

Director or similar eg. Executive Producer Family name, Initial(s). (Director or similar descriptor eg. Producer). (Year). Title of film or movie [Film; list details of format eg. two disc special edition - if needed]. Production Company. URL - if available

Wilder, B. (Director). (1959). Some like it hot [Film]. Ashton Productions; The Mirisch Corporation.

Scott, R. (Director). (2006). Blade runner [Film; director's cut on DVD]. Roadshow.


Instagram video

In-text citation

(Macquarie University Library, 2023) OR Macquarie University Library (2023) showed that....

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). [Instagram name]. (Year, Month Day). Title or content up to first 20 words [Video]. Instagram. URL

Macquarie University Library [mq_library]. (2019, October 21). Shhh! Library is going quiet on all floors.
 Please consider others.[Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CzXiNLuP2K6/?hl=en


YouTube video

In-text citation

O'Brien, 2017) OR O'Brien (2017) demonstrated that ....

 

Reference list

Author Family name, initial(s). or Group name. [Username - if available]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube - or similar site name. URL

O’Brien, B. [Brenna O]. (2017, May 5). NVivo 11 training - full video (5/4/17) - updated [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNo-Qxsp-mk


YouTube video with screen name only

In-text citation

(ssiconamed, 2013) OR ssiconamed (2013) noted that ....

 

Reference list

Username - exactly as posted. (year, month day). Title of video [Video]. Site name eg. YouTube. URL

ssiconamed. (2013, July 5). Tutorial NVivo [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AtFisYXo9k

Song

In-text citation

(Simon & Garfunkel, 1965) OR Simon and Garfunkel (1965) wrote about ....

 

Reference list

Singer or composer Family name, Initial(s). (Year). Song Title [Song]On Album Title, Record Company. (Original work published Year - if needed). URL - if needed

Simon, P. & Garfunkel, A. (1965). The sounds of silence [Song]. On Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. Columbia. 


Album

In-text citation

(U2, 1988) OR U2 (1988) sang about ....

 

Reference list

Singer Family name, Initial(s) or Group name. (Year). Title of album [Album]. Record Company. (Original work published Year - if needed). URL - if needed

U2. (1988). Rattle and hum [Album]. Island; Sun Studio; Point Depot; Danesmoat; STS Studio; A&M Studios; Ocean Way.

Podcast

In-text citation

(Malcolm, 2002-present) OR Malcolm (2002-present)

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). (Role eg. Host). (Year - Year). Title [Type Podcast]. Publisher. URL (if available)

Malcolm, L. (Host). (2002-present). All in the mind [Audio podcast]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/

 

Note:

  • If access via app or no web addressleave out URL

Podcast episode

In-text citation

(Malcolm, 2002-present) OR Malcolm (2002-present)

 

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). (Role eg. Host). (Year, Month Day). Episode Title (No. Episode Number - if available) [Type podcast episode]. In Series Title. Publisher. URL (if available)

Malcolm, L. (Host). (2019, September 8). Inside talking therapy [Audio podcast episode] In All in the mind. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/inside-talking-therapy/11478090

 

Note:

  • If access via app or no web addressleave out URL

Television series

In-text citation

(Benioff et al., 2009-2011) OR Benioff et al. (2009-2011) showed that ...

 

Reference list

Executive Producer Family name, Initial(s). (Executive Producer(s)). (Years - it aired, use present if still airing). Title [TV series]. Production Compan(ies); Broadcaster Name.

Benioff, D., Casady, G., Doelger, F., Gerardis, V., & Weiss, D. B. (Executive Producers). (2011–2019). Game of thrones [TV series]. Television 360; Grok! Studio; Generator Entertainment; Bighead Littlehead; Home Box Office.


Episode from television series or webisode

In-text citation

(Writer's Family name & Director's Family name, Year)

(Rappaport & Dubin, 1983) OR Rappaport and Dubin (1983) found that ....

 

Reference list

Episode writer's Family name, Initial(s). (Writer), & Director Family name, Initial(s). (Director). (Year, Month Day). Title of television series episode (Season ..., Episode ...) [Television series episode]. In Executive producer - Inital(s), Family name (Executive producer(s)), Television series name. Production Companies - use ; to separate multiples.

Rappaport, J. (Writer) & Dubin, C. S. (Director). (1983, January 24). Say no more (Season 11, Episode 12) [Television series episode]. In B. Metcalfe (Executive producer), M*A*S*H. 20th Century Fox Television; CBS.