APA 7th Referencing

In-text citation:

NSW Government, 2023) OR NSW Government (2023) found that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title of brochure [Brochure]. URL

NSW Government. (2023). Childcare and pre-school entry and immunisation [Brochure]. https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/immunisation/Pages/parent-childcare-brochure.aspx

Conference paper

In-text citation

(Norton et al., 2018) OR Norton et al. (2018) stated that ....

Reference list

Author of paper Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of paper. [Type of paper eg. Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL (if available)

Norton, M., Moloney, G., Burke, S., Sanson, A., & Louis, W. (2018, September 27-30). Psychological responses to social threats: From stigma to solidarity [Paper presentation]. 2018 APS Congress Psychology advancing into a new age, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Poster presentation

In-text citation

(Snoswell, 2016) OR Snoswell (2016) mentioned that...

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year, Month, Date). Title [Poster presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL (if available)

Snoswell, C. (2016, October 31 - November 3). Models of care for store-and-forward teledermatology in Australia [Poster presentation]. 7th International Conference on Successes and Failures in Telehealth, Auckland, New Zealand.

Cancelled conference paper

In-text citation

(Johnson, 2020) OR Johnson (2020) stated that ....

Reference list

Author of paper Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year, Month Date(s)). Title of paper. [Type of paper eg. Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL (if available) (Conference cancelled)

Johnson, R. (2020, May 4 - 8). Positioning the library as a place of cultural safety. [Paper presentation]. ALIA National 2020 Conference: Courageous And Audacious, Sydney, Australia. (Conference cancelled)

Individual author

In-text citation

(Wong & Langevin, 2007) OR Wong and Langevin (2007) found that ....

Reference list

Investigator Family name, Initial(s). (Year). Title of dataset (Version - if needed)  [Description of format or type]. Name of publisher (if available). DOI or URL

Wong, K. K., & Langevin, W. E. (2007). Policy expansion of school choice in the American states, 1991-2005 (Version 1) [Dataset]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR20427.v1

Group author

In-text citation

(Pew Hispanic Center, 2004) OR The Pew Hispanic Center (2004) reported that ....

Reference list

Investigator Group name. (Year). Title of dataset (Version - if needed) [Description of format or type]. Name of publisher (if available). DOI or URL

Pew Hispanic Center. (2004). Changing channels and crisscrossing cultures: A survey of Latinos on the news media [Data file and code book]. http://pewhispanic.org/datasets/

Unpublished or raw dataset

In-text citation

(Sherlock & Mulvihill, 2018) OR Sherlock and Mulvihill, (2018) found that ....

Reference list

Investigator Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title OR [Description of data - if untitled] [Unpublished raw data]. Data source (if available). 

Sherlock, D., & Mulvihill, A. (2018). MASTER Focus Program: Outline of skills [Unpublished raw data]. Macquarie University.

Referencing figures

Note:

• Each figure needs to be numbered in the order in which they appear in the document.
• If a figure is being reproduced for inclusion in a work which is being published, you must seek permission from the copyright holder. This permission must also be included in the caption.
• Provide each figure with a brief but explanatory title. This should appear next to the figure number.
• A caption should be included at the bottom of the figure to acknowledge that the figure has been reproduced from another source.
• Include the full reference in the reference list.
• Examples of figures with copyright attributions.

Figure caption format in Book

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The caption is used instead. 

Caption

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), by Author Given name Initial(s). Author Family name, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder (if no permission needed) OR CC License (if Creative Commons) OR Reprinted with permission (if permission needed) OR In the public domain (if in public domain).

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Note. From Systematic Reviews in Health Care: A Practical Guide (p.61), by P. Glaszious, L. Irwig, C. Bain and G. Colditz, 2001, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Copyright 2001 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with permission.

Reference list

Glaszious, P., Irwig, L., Bain, C., & Colditz, G. (2001). Systematic reviews in health care: A practical guide. Cambridge University Press.

Figure caption format in Book chapter

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The caption is used instead. 

Caption

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) “Title of Chapter,” by Author Given name Initial(s). Author Family name, in Editor Given name initial(s). Editor Family name (Ed.), Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder (if no permission needed) OR CC License (if Creative Commons) OR Reprinted with permission (if permission needed) OR In the public domain (if in public domain).

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Note. Adapted from "Evidence About Diagnosis" by J. Doust, in T. Hoffman, S. Bennett and C. Del Mar (Eds), Evidence-Based Practice: Across the Health Professions (p.138), 2010, Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier Australia. Adapted with permission.

Reference list

Doust, J. (2010). Evidence about diagnosis. In T. Hoffman, S. Bennett, & C. Del Mar (Eds.), Evidence-based practice across the health professions (pp. 128-144). Elsevier Australia.

Figure caption format in Journal article

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The caption is used instead. 

Caption

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) “Title of Article,” by Author Given name Initial(s). Author  Family name, Title of Journal, Volume(Issue (if available)), p. xx. (DOI or URL (if available)).Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder (if no permission needed) OR CC License (if Creative Commons) OR Reprinted with permission (if permission needed) OR In the public domain (if in public domain).

Note. From "Long-Term Development of Employee Well-Being: A Latent Transition Approach" by A. Mäkikangas, W. Schaufeli, E. Leskinen, U. Kinnunen, K. Hyvönen and T. Feldt, 2016, Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), p. 2332. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9696-7). Copyright 2015 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Reference list

Mäkikangas, M., Schaufeli, W., Leskinen, E., Kinnunen, U., Hyvönen, K. and Feldt, T. (2016). Long-term development of employee well-being: A latent transition approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2325–2345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9696-7

Figure caption format in Website

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The caption is used instead. 

Caption

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) “Title of Web Document,” by Author Given name Initial(s). Author Family name, Year (http://xxxxxx). Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder (if no permission needed) OR CC License (if Creative Commons) OR Reprinted with permission (if permission needed) OR In the public domain (if in public domain).

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Note. From "Health Is Not The Same For Everyone" by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016 (https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016-in-brief/contents/health-is-not-the-same-for-everyone). Copyright 2016 by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Reprinted with permission.

Reference list

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Health is not the same for everyone. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016-in-brief/contents/health-is-not-the-same-for-everyone

Note:

• If you use the original version of a non-English work, cite the original version.
• Non-Latin alphabets are not used in the reference list in APA Style, so the title needs to be transliterated (that is, converted to the alphabet you are using to write a paper), and then followed by an English translation, in brackets.

Non English book

In-text citation

(Mangelsdorf, 2020) OR Mangelsdorf (2020) argued that...

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title [English translation of title]. Publisher. DOI or URL if available)

Mangelsdorf, J. (2020). Positive psychologie im coaching: Positive coaching für coaches, berater und therapeuten [Positive psychology in coaching: Positive coaching for coaches, consultants and therapists]. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27632-4

Non English journal article

In-text citation

(Guimard & Florin, 2007) OR Guimard and Florin (2007) argued that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Article title in original language [English translation of article title]. Journal name, volume(Issue - if available), Page(s). DOI or URL (if available)

Guimard, P., & Florin, A. (2007). Les evaluations des enseignants en grande section de maternelle sont-elles predictives des difficultes de lecture au cours preparatoire? [Are teacher ratings in kindergarten predictive of reading difficulties in first grade?]. Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant, 19, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.4000/rfp.4219

Non English scripts

In-text citation

(Najm, 1966) OR Najm (1966) stated that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name - (Year). Original Title [Title - English translation]. Publisher. DOI or URL - if needed

Najm, Y. (1966). Al-qissah fi al-adab Al-Arabi al-hadith [The novel in modern Arabic literature]. Dar Al-Thaqafah.

Note:

• If it is a published interview, use the reference type in which you found the interview, e.g. online video, newspaper article.
• For an interview you conduct, use the personal communication reference type format.

Interview recorded and available in an archive

In-text citation

(Sabbatini, 1993) OR Sabbatini (1993) stated that ....

Reference list

Name of interviewee Family name, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title/or description of interview [Interview]. Name of archive or place stored; Owner. URL

Sabbatini, G. (1993, September 10). Musical performance of Giuseppe Sabbatini [Interview]. Studs Terkel Radio Archive; The Chicago History Museum. https://studsterkel.wfmt.com/programs/musical-performance-giuseppe-sabbatini?t=NaN%2CNaN&a=%2C

Interview with participant(s), as part of your own research

In-text citation

• Do not cite individually, because this could compromise confidentiality.
• Quote anonymously, e.g. “Participant A said”.

Reference list

• Not included in reference list
• Do not include in the reference list.     

Patents

In-text citation

(Graboski, 2016) OR Graboski (2016) mentioned that ...

Reference list

Patent inventor Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year patent issued). Patent title (Country Patent No.). Name of official source of patent information - usually patent office. URL (if available)

Graboski, T. M. (2016). Solar hot water and recovery system (Australian application no. 2016253585). IP Australia. http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=2016253585

Standards

In-text citation

(Standards Australia, 1989) OR Standards Australia (1989) mentioned that ...

Reference list

Name of standards organisation. (Year). Title of standard (Standard number). Publisher (print) or URL (if available)

Standards Australia. (1989). Electrical equipment for coal mines - Insulating materials - Materials for insulating power conducting components (AS 1147.1-1989). https://www-saiglobal-com/PDFTemp/osu-2019-12-09/0496997084/11471.PDF

Personal communications include:

• personal interviews
• emails
• letters
• memos
• phone conversations
• text messages

In-text citation

J. T. Lewis (personal communication, May 14, 2018) OR (K. Taylor, personal communication, March 17, 2019)

Reference list

Personal communications are are only added as an in-text citation. They are not included in the reference list.

When do I reference software or apps?

• Software or apps that are common (to your field or audience) do not need to have in-text citations and reference list entries. Just include the full software or app name and the version in brackets (if relevant), e.g. Covidence (Version 2).
• If they have limited access or distribution, the in-text citation and reference list entries are required. Please see the examples below.
• If you have quoted or paraphrased from software or an app, they also need an in-text citation and a reference list entry.
• If you used a website to create something like a survey, include the website name and address in text, e.g. "We used Checkbox (https:www/checkpoint.com) to create our survey". A reference list entry is not required.

Software

In-text citation

(Psychology Software Tools, 2021) OR Psychology Software Tools (2021) found that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title of software (Version ver. number) [Computer software]. Publisher. URL

Psychology Software Tools. (2021). E-Prime (Version 3.0) [Computer software]. Psychology Software Tools. https://pstnet.com/products/e-prime/

Apps

In-text citation

(Psycnet Software, 2020) OR Psycnet Software (2020) found that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title of software (Version ver. number) [Mobile app]. Apple Store OR Google Play. URL

Psycnet Software. (2020). The psychology blog (Version 2.0) [Mobile app]. Google Play. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.newandromo.dev7998.app965243 

Referencing tables

• Each table needs to be numbered in the order in which they appear in the document, e.g. Table 1, Table 2.
• Always refer to a table by their number. Statements such as “in the table below” or "the table shown on page 78” should not be used.
• Provide each table with a brief but explanatory title. This should appear below the table number.
• A table note (caption) should be included at the bottom of the table to acknowledge that the table has been reproduced from another source. 
• If a table is being reproduced for inclusion in a work which is being published, you must seek permission from the copyright holder. This permission must also be included in the table note (caption). The word “Note” is included at the start in italics.
• "Note" is used in place of in-text citation.
• Include the full reference in the reference list.
• Check out some table examples. 

Copyright statements

• If the table has been reprinted, include "Reprinted with permission" after copyright statement.
• If the table has been adapted, include "Adapted with permission" after copyright statement.

Table note (caption) format in Book

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The note is used instead. 

Table note

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), by Author Given name Initial(s). Author Family name, Year, Publisher. (DOI or URL (if available)). Copyright statement. 

If you are using it in a published work, include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission at the end.

Note. Adapted from Systematic Reviews In Health Care: A Practical Guide (p. 83), by P. Glaszious, L. Irwig, C. Bain and G. Colditz, 2001, Cambridge University Press. Copyright 2001 by Cambridge University Press. Adapted with permission.

Reference list

Glaszious, P., Irwig, L., Bain, C., & Colditz, G. (2001). Systematic reviews in health care: A practical guide. Cambridge University Press.

Table note (caption) format in Book chapter

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The note is used instead. 

Table note

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) “Title of Chapter,” by Author Given name Initial(s). Author  Family name, in Editor Given name Initial(s). Editor Family name (Ed.), Title of Book (any edition or volume information, p. xxx), Year, Publisher. (DOI or URL (if available)). Copyright statement.

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Note. From "Evidence About Diagnosis" by J. Doust, in T. Hoffman, S. Bennett and C. Del Mar (Eds), Evidence-Based Practice: Across the Health Professions (p.141), 2010, Elsevier Australia. Copyright 2010 by Elsevier Australia. Reprinted with permission.

Reference list

Doust, J. (2010). Evidence about diagnosis. In T. Hoffman, S. Bennett, & C. Del Mar (Eds.), Evidence-based practice across the health professions (pp. 128-144). Elsevier Australia.

Table note (caption) format in Journal article

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The note is used instead. 

Table note

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) “Title of Article,” by Author Given name Initial(s). Author Family name, Year, Title of Journal, Volume(Issue (if available)), p. xx. (DOI or URL (if available)). Copyright statement.

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Note. From "Using a Gratitude Intervention to Enhance Well-Being in Older Adults" by A. Killen and A. Macaskill, 2015, Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), p. 955. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9542-3). Copyright 2014 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Reprinted with permission.

Reference list

Killen, A., & Macaskill, A. (2015). Using a gratitude intervention to enhance well-being in older adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 947–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9542-3

Table note (caption) format in Website

In-text citation

An in-text citation is not used. The note is used instead. 

Table note

Note. From (use for reprinted) or Adapted from (use for adaptations) “Title of Web Document,” by Author Given name Initial(s). Author Family name, Year (URL). Copyright statement. 

If you are using it in a published work, at the end include Reprinted [or Adapted] with permission. 

Note. From "Health is not the same for everyone" by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016 (https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016-in-brief/contents/health-is-not-the-same-for-everyone). Copyright 2016 by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Reprinted with permission.

Reference list

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Health is not the same for everyone. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/australias-health-2016-in-brief/contents/health-is-not-the-same-for-everyone

From Website

In-text citation

(Axford, 2007) OR Axford (2007) found that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title of thesis [Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, Institution]. Archive name. http://www.xxxxxx

Axford, J.C. (2007). What constitutes success in Pacific Island community conserved areas? [Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland]. UQ eSpace. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:158747

From database

In-text citation

(Leigh, 2010) OR Leigh (2010) reported that ....

Reference list

Author Family name, Initial(s). or Group name. (Year). Title of thesis (Publication No. (if available)) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]. Database Name. 

Leigh, J. (2010). Self-determined mindfulness and attachment style in college students (Publication No. 305210119) [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.